Animal feed from mango

About 40 to 60% of the fruit intake ends up as waste in the mango processing factories. This fruit waste consists of 12-15%, 5-10% pulp waste and 15-20% mango seed kernel. Waste of mango can be used for making cattle feed commercially. Major waste like mango seed kernel is a good source of carbohydrate.

Drying of mango kernels and peel can make a high class energy food for animal feed. Cake left after the extraction of kernel oil could substitute for wheat and maize flour in animal feed as it is a good source of many essential amino acids.

There was a study conducted on poultry that a mixture of maize meal and mango kernel flour to the extent of 20% had no detrimental effect on the development of chickens.

 Dried kernels can be fed as such to animal without any further treatment of processing. Mango peel is also suitable as a supplement in fish food.
Animal feed from mango

Chemical compound in mango peel

The peel is a very good source of some nutrients such as sugars, pectin, protein and fiber. It constitutes about 15-20% of the fresh fruit.

Mango peel also rich in phytonutrients such polyphenols. The prominent phenolic compounds identified by HPLC were protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid and gallic acid.

Gallic acid, syringic acid, mangiferin, ellagic acid, gentisyl-protocatechuic acid, quercetin were phenolic compounds identified in both raw and ripe peels, while raw peel showed the presence of glycosylated iriflophenone and maclurin derivatives.

The quantity of pectin was reported to be about 13% on a dry-weight basis. The quality of such pectin on a jelly-grade basis was comparable with that of pectin obtained from citrus waste.

Good quality pectin could be used in the manufacture of jam, jellies, marmalades and various pharmaceutical products.

Dietary fiber content ranged from 45 to 78%  of mango peel and was found at a higher level in ripe peels. Dietary fiber in mango peel has been shown as a favorable source of high quality polysaccharides, because it not only has high starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin content but also has low lipid content.

A mixture of 5-(12-cis-hepta decenyl) and 5-pentadecyl resorcinol have been isolated from mango peel and it was reported that it could as act an agent against Alternaria alternate, a fungus responsible for black spot disease in mango fruit.
Chemical compound in mango peel

Utilization of mango peel

Mango peel, which is a by-product obtained during processing of mango products such as mango pulp and amchur, is currently discarded and thus causing environmental pollution.

The peel is a very good source of some nutrients such as sugars, pectin, protein and fiber. The quality of such pectin on a jelly grade basis was comparable with of pectin obtained from citrus waste.

The peel constitutes about 15% of the fresh fruit and concentrated with various bioactive compounds (phenolics and carotenoids) shown to protect against degenerative disease like cancer, cardiovascular diseases.

There is a tremendous scope for utilization of mango peel as a carbon source for fermentation. Mango peel can be used for the production of fungal protein, carboxymethylcellulas, and poly- galacturonase by fungi.

The peel and pulp portion left over after juice extraction was utilized to manufacture juice, nectar etc, by pectic enzyme treatment.

Mango peel powder can be incorporated into macaroni without affecting its cooking, textural and sensory properties.

Mango peel juice and waste also can be used as a molasses for cattle and also for fermentation into alcohol etc. The dried peel meal can be incorporated in cattle feed.
Utilization of mango peel