Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting mangoes. It manifests as dark, sunken lesions on the fruit’s surface, which can expand and coalesce, leading to extensive decay and spoilage. This disease is particularly insidious because it often remains latent until the fruit ripens, making it difficult to detect during the earlier stages of harvest or transport. The lesions often develop rapidly during ripening, rendering the fruit unsellable by the time it reaches the market. Furthermore, anthracnose thrives in humid environments, which are common in many mango-producing regions, exacerbating the spread of the disease.
Stem-end rot, caused by fungi such as Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplodia natalensis, typically begins at the stem end of the fruit and progresses inward, causing substantial losses, particularly during storage and transportation. The disease is characterized by dark, water-soaked lesions that extend from the stem into the flesh, leading to complete fruit rot if left unchecked. The transportation of mangoes over long distances in inadequate conditions can hasten the spread of stem-end rot, increasing the likelihood of entire shipments being compromised.
Black mold rot, caused by Aspergillus niger, is another common postharvest disease. It appears as black, powdery mold on the fruit’s surface and can penetrate deep into the flesh, causing extensive damage. While the mold is typically associated with poor storage conditions, such as excessive humidity and warmth, it can develop rapidly under suboptimal conditions, leading to significant economic losses.
Effective management of these diseases requires a holistic approach that includes both pre-harvest and postharvest strategies. Pre-harvest fungicide applications can reduce the initial inoculum, while proper harvesting techniques, including minimizing damage to the fruit, help limit entry points for pathogens. Postharvest treatments, such as hot water dips and fungicide applications, along with proper storage and handling, are essential in minimizing postharvest losses and preserving the quality of mangoes.
Key Postharvest Diseases Affecting Mango Quality and Marketability
