Root Rot and Damping-Off Diseases in Mango Seedlings and Young Trees

Root rot and damping-off are common and destructive fungal diseases that affect mango seedlings and young trees, particularly during early growth stages. These diseases are responsible for significant losses in nurseries and young orchards, as they can kill plants rapidly if not managed properly. Both conditions are closely linked to soil-borne fungi that thrive in warm, humid, and poorly drained environments—conditions often found in tropical and subtropical mango-growing regions.

Damping-off primarily affects germinating seeds and young seedlings. Infected seedlings may appear healthy at first, but soon collapse and die suddenly. A key sign is rotting or thinning of the stem at soil level, which causes the plant to topple over. Root rot, on the other hand, affects slightly older seedlings and young trees. In this case, the roots become soft, mushy, and discolored, turning dark brown or black as decay progresses. Above ground, infected plants often show yellowing leaves, wilting, stunted growth, and premature leaf drop. These symptoms tend to worsen during prolonged rainy periods or in consistently waterlogged soils.

The most common pathogens involved include Pythium and Rhizoctonia, which are especially problematic in nurseries and seedbeds where moisture levels are high. Fusarium species and Lasiodiplodia are more frequently associated with root and stem rot in older seedlings and young trees and may also cause dieback of branches. These fungi persist in soil and plant debris, making prevention a critical part of disease management.

Effective control relies heavily on good cultural practices. Using well-draining soil or potting media, planting in raised beds, and avoiding excessive irrigation are essential steps. Proper spacing and good airflow around plants help reduce humidity at the soil surface, limiting fungal growth. Sanitation is equally important: pots, trays, and tools should be sterilized—commonly with a 10% bleach solution—and only fresh, disease-free potting mix should be used.

Chemical and biological controls can provide additional protection. Copper-based fungicides and certain systemic fungicides are commonly applied as soil drenches to suppress pathogens. In nursery settings, soil solarization—using clear plastic to heat the soil—can significantly reduce fungal populations. When combined with careful watering and hygiene, these measures offer effective, sustainable control of root rot and damping-off in mango production.
Root Rot and Damping-Off Diseases in Mango Seedlings and Young Trees