Mango Floral Malformation: Issues and Management Approaches

Floral malformation in mango is a widespread issue that severely impacts mango production worldwide. This disorder is primarily attributed to the fungal pathogen Fusarium mangiferae, which disrupts the normal development of the mango inflorescence, leading to lower fruit yield and quality. Symptoms of floral malformation include the formation of compact, overcrowded panicles with large, often sterile or abortive flowers. These malformed inflorescences not only reduce the potential fruit-bearing capacity of the tree but also act as a significant source of spores, facilitating the spread of the disease to neighboring trees.

The complexity of the disease's etiology makes it particularly challenging to manage. Several environmental factors contribute to its spread, including excessive soil moisture, high humidity, and lower temperatures during flowering. Additionally, trees with high carbohydrate concentrations in their shoots and inflorescences are more susceptible to infection. The pathogen spreads efficiently through infected plant material, highlighting the importance of using disease-free seedlings and maintaining strict orchard hygiene to prevent new infections.

Efforts to control floral malformation often involve a combination of strategies. Pruning affected inflorescences can help reduce the spread of the pathogen and minimize its impact on fruit production. Fungicides may also be used, although their effectiveness is limited by the fungus's ability to develop resistance over time. Furthermore, plant growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, have shown promise in reducing the severity of the disorder by altering the plant's growth patterns and decreasing susceptibility to fungal infections. However, these interventions must be timely and carefully managed to be effective.

Despite these measures, floral malformation remains a persistent challenge for mango growers. Ongoing research into more resistant mango varieties, better fungicides, and integrated management practices is essential. The development of resistant cultivars and the adoption of precision agriculture techniques may offer more sustainable solutions for controlling this debilitating disease.
Mango Floral Malformation: Issues and Management Approaches